Justification And Weaknesses Of Non-Interpretive Essays

Support And Weaknesses Of Non-Interpretive Essays Support And Weaknesses Of Non-Interpretive Support and Weaknesses of the Non-Interpretive Model Brief: Justification and Weaknesses of the Non-Interpretive Model The question of Constitutional translation despite everything still can't seem to be settled. Should just the express orders of our countries Founding Fathers be referenced in courtrooms, or would it be able to be defended that an outside body ought to extrapolate from the particular content of the Constitution to characterize furthermore, protect extra central rights? Further, if this body, in particular the Supreme Court, bases its choices of sacred significance not entirely on precise translation, at that point paying little heed to reason, are they entirely ill-conceived? The non-interpretive model permits the Court to decipher past the specific wording of the Constitution to characterize and secure the estimations of a general public. The topic of how the non-interpretative model can be legitimized must be replied. In spite of much residual disarray between the two models, unmistakably history has picked the non-interpretative model without which a significant number of the characterizing focuses in our countries history would be unjustified. The overpowering quality of the non-interpretive model is that it has took into account numerous essential choices that have served to secure the regular privileges of the individuals from this general public. In the event that then again the interpretive model is to be acknowledged, a critical number of choices must be repudiated. Quickly, most of the fair treatment condition is not, at this point defended. Reasonable crook and common systems must be disassembled since they have no particular literary reference in the Constitution. The right to speak freely of discourse, religion, and property rights are all brought being referred to. Likewise influenced is the authenticity of establishment and administrative distribution assemblages of precept. The equivalent assurance provision of the Constitution when perused actually plots the safeguard of a few types of racial segregation. Notwithstanding, it doesn't right away ensure the option to cast a ballot, qualification for office, or the option to serve on a jury. Furthermore, the statement doesn't propose that equivalent office isolation isn't to be permitted. At long last, the opportunity from barbarous and abnormal disciplines as laid out in the eighth amendment loses its adaptability. As such, a by all appearances contention against the interpretive model is apparent. Without the capacity to move past the explicit wording, the Court loses its power to secure what society values as fundamental human rights. A crucial inquiry pertinent to this banter is whether esteems inside our general public are time-persevering or on the other hand evolving. At the point when the Supreme Court makes a questionable choice, does it utilize the content of the Constitution to legitimize standards of characteristic law, accepted practices and courses of action? Or on the other hand, is it going about as an translator of gradually changing qualities and forcing its perspectives on society through its choices? The Constitution is certifiably not a stale record; it is a lot of alive and changing with the occasions. Pundits contend that the revision process was made to permit change and that the job of the Judiciary does exclude the ability to change expressed orders notwithstanding that of implementing them. In any case, as a rule, the revision process is deficient for explanation of issues of human rights. An extraordinary righteousness of the non-interpretive model is that the Court has the ability to strike down illegal enactment that permits for the Court to protect the privileges of the individuals. Non-understanding at that point requires the utilization of got codes, yet the dynamic procedure is a long way from mechanical. Pundits challenge that the Court ought not be able to decipher cultural qualities in a given timeframe. In any case, as has been appeared, history has maintained this convention. Various inquiries presently emerge. Is it basically shrewd to place the duty to characterize and secure human rights in the hands of Supreme Court Justices? The appropriate response lies in ones understanding of history. While the facts confirm that the Court has made choices that mirror its own predispositions and interests, it tends to be appeared that the Court has likewise reliably acted to make sure about the privileges of residents and to restrict government and state powers. Following, is the definition and implementation of human rights a legal assignment? The settling of the Supreme Court over issues of human rights as restricted to this force dwelling in different parts of government must be replied. While there is no immediate proclamation with respect to legal survey in the Constitution, Marbury v. Madison is referenced here as the best of all cases supporting this legal force. In this manner emerges the penultimate inquiry of the authority of the Supreme Court. Established arbitration was took into consideration verifiably by the Founding Fathers. Just a portion of the standards of higher law were recorded in the first record; in any case, the qualification between those

Macbeth - GUILTY :: essays research papers

This was an oral introduction, wherein I indicted Macbeth. I got an evaluation of A-, anyway was informed that it was my genuine introduction as opposed to my article that halted me getting a higher evaluation :) Women and Gentlemen, I will be brief. You have heard the declarations and seen the proof; it is presently time for the destiny of Macbeth to be chosen. Today you have met scores of witnesses affirm, after swearing to tell the truth, the defendant’s totally great and legit character, and have contemplated with regards to how the King of Scotland could carry out such barbarities. In any case, indisputable proof restricts such declarations and demonstrates past sensible uncertainty that the litigant Macbeth murdered his King, Duncan the II of Scotland, his deep rooted companion Banquo and Lady Macduff and her youngsters. In the course of the most recent a half year we have seen Macbeth corrupt from a courageous and brave warrior to a killer, a cognizant scalawag who felt outrageous blame in the wake of slaughtering his King out of unadulterated voracity and aspiration. His worker, as affirmed, caught Macbeth express his blame to his significant other the evening of the homicide: â€Å"I am reluctant to think what I have done; Look on ‘t again I dare not.† Following his delegated at Scone, King Macbeth employed three professional killers to kill his long-lasting companion Banquo, so as to ensure his crown. It was after the homicide of Banquo that Macbeth at that point transformed into an unmerciful, non-contrite dictator. This man, when proclaimed a saint, turned into the worst thing about Scotland and his kin. The guard has attempted to control realities to convince you that Macbeth isn't at fault for these homicides and has set obligation regarding these passings on everybody from Lady Macbeth to the witches, who once in a while speaked with the denounced. You have heard declarations of the three witches, who let us know of their experiences with Macbeth. What kind of man would connect with such insidiousness creatures, and the vast majority of all, accept the garbage they predict? The witches didn't legitimately impact Macbeth to kill his King, they just hypothesized with regards to what the future may hold and these expectations touched off his staggering desire to become King. These relationship with the witches carry genuine questions to the decency of the defendant’s character. Theories that Lady Macbeth is liable for Duncan’s murder have been made by the barrier. Yet, blood found on this shroud covered up in Macbeth’s quarters demonstrates without question that it was Macbeth who really dedicated the homicide.

4 Steps to Mastering Choice Driven Productivity

4 Steps to Mastering Choice Driven Productivity This is a guest post by Mark Woods. Mark is a Productivity Trainer, Business Consultant, Speaker Author of ‘Attack Your Day! Before it Attacks You’. Connect with Mark on Twitter or at  Attack Your Day. How wisely do you invest your time? Good investment of time comes down to prioritizing activities and choosing what we’re going to do next. In today’s fast-paced  and technology driven world, top producers are simply great activity choosers. By mastering choice driven productivity, these top producers know when and where to invest their time for maximum output. In this article, I’ll share with you how you can master choice driven productivity to make the most of your day. 1. Learn When to Say No An essential part of choosing activities is also knowing when to refuse activities. These are the activities that are fun to do but have low to no payoff. These are also the activities that come to us during the day from others in the form of chat messages, text messages, emails, phone calls, and drop-in visitors. So if you often ask yourself, “where did my day go?”, then consider the following. Learn to say no. Most people think saying no only means saying no to other people. The reality is that it begins with saying no to ourselves first.  There is always the temptation to say yes to things that are fun, fast, and instantly rewarding. For me, it’s purging my email spam folder. This is a fun activity and one that is instantly gratifying, but it’s not something I should do first thing in the morning when I am most alert and focused. 2. Avoid the Temptation of Instant Reward We also tend to welcome interruptions as an excuse for procrastinating on things that we just really don’t want to do. Examples might include the expense report you’ve been putting off, or responding to a customer complaint email.   When we choose activities that tend to be instantly rewarding over those that have high-payoff, our productivity goes down. What’s the best way to gain control of time and increase your productivity? First, take some time to create clarity of purpose. Gain a clear understanding of your desired result before committing to the activity or task. Ask yourself, “Is this activity going to get me closer to the completion of a project or goal?” The skill of making effectual choices starts with this process. Once clarity of your desired outcome has been established, it’s possible to choose and refuse daily activities to ensure the choices you make will drive productivity. 3. Prioritize Your Tasks with Color Next, you must have a method to quickly prioritize your choices. In our book, Attack Your Day! Before it Attacks You, we suggest prioritizing your daily activities with the colors of a traffic light. We assign the colors of the traffic light to three types of activities we deal with every day. Green, Yellow and Red. Red = Urgent Red means stop whatever you are doing and do the red activity as soon as possible.  Activities that are classified as red are urgent and provide a high payoff, meaning they require some form of immediate action.   Examples include; a project deadline, a customer complaint or a sudden demand from the boss. Green = Go A task classified as green means go. Green activities do not require an immediate response. In other words, they are not urgent but are value-adding activities and must be done to complete a project or achieve a desired goal. Greens are the majority of the activities you set out to accomplish when planning and arranging your day. Examples of green include; a customer call, creating proposals, building business relationships, exercise, research, team meeting, prospecting or other activities attached to a project or goal. Yellow = Caution Yellow means caution. They do not require immediate action like red. They may not be value-added activities like greens. But, yellow activities do need to be done at some point in the future, but not today, tomorrow, or maybe even this week. Be aware: Sometimes yellow activities come to us wrapped in the context of counterfeit urgency, like when a co-worker drops in stating our help is needed right now! One of the challenges of technology today is that it can create false urgency. An email or instant message announced with a beep or an alarm can easily catch our attention and seem urgent, when often they are not urgent at all. When this occurs, remember that yellow means caution. They can and should be rescheduled for a later time that is more appropriate. Think of yellow activities as your list of all future activities that need to be done. Stay on track with your daily tasks, using MeisterTask. 4. Begin Each Day with a Prioritized Plan Begin each day by color-coding your choices in both your work and personal life, asking yourself the following questions: What color is this activity and is this activity necessary for the completion of a project or goal? Avoid the ricochet effect to stay on task. The ricochet effect is the human tendency to lose focus after an interruption. Interruptions break our continuity of thought. They can result in our failure to refocus on what we were doing before the distraction. This can minimize our effectiveness. Making a prioritized list using red, green and yellow at the beginning of the day is a good way to correct this tendency. But be wary, this only helps if we keep the list visible at all times. When the list is constantly in our view, it serves as a tool to re-anchor our attention after an interruption. Sailing through the day without something to remind us to keep on task is like trying to navigate without a rudder. So question all activities, interruptions, and distractions that come your way during the day and drive your productivity to new heights. So theres Mark Woods advice on how to manage your time and increase your productive output by color-coding your way to mastering choice driven productivity. If you have any questions, comments or feedback, let us know in the comments below! Discover productive task management Sign up for MeisterTask Sign up for MeisterTask

How Is the Theme of Genocide Presented in Hotel Rwanda and...

How is the theme of genocide presented in Hotel Rwanda and The Boy in Striped Pyjamas? The Official Oxford English dictionary defines genocide as the `deliberate killing of a very large number of people from a particular ethnic group or nation. It also is said as a holocaust. Holocaust is the great or complete devastation or destruction or any mass slaughter or reckless destruction of life and it is normally referred to the genocide of the Jews that happened during the period of 1939 to 1945. The two genocide we are focusing on are the genocide of the Jews during the second world war and the Rwandan genocide of the Tutsis in 1994. Directed by Terry George in Hotel Rwanda and Mark Herman in The Boy in Stripe Pyjamas, they have a†¦show more content†¦The voice of terror returns throughout the film to haunt the innocent but terrified Tutsis, the effect is to make the audience fear, to experience what the Tutsis felt, the constant danger approaching. In the film, the good guys are the Tutsis, the victims of genocide. They arent he killers in the movie: they were n ever the killers. The Interahamwe were portrayed as the violent killers and were responsible for the slaughter of one million Rwandans. Formed by groups of young Hutus, they together carried out the horrendous act. During the period of tension, before the genocide officially happened a lot of machetes were purchased from various places and prepared to wipe out the next generation of Tutsis. Vice President of the Interahamwe was George Rutaganda, he paid HIV infected men to rape the women and children in order to ensure that the next generation cannot at all exist, despite the fact that it was the Hutus destroying the Tutsis, the President of the Interahamwe, Robert Kajuga, is a Tutsi and helped to wipe out his own people. Majority of the time we were looking at Pauls perspective as the camera looks over his shoulder and present to us what he is seeing. The music at most of the scenes was terrifying and dangerous, it portrayed danger and threat inside it, but when the scene with the orphans, the song shows hope, terror yet mixed up with light, brightness, new and

Christina Rossetti s A Triad - 921 Words

Individuals in society are compelled and feel restricted to follow certain social rules, but for some, their emotions towards the restrictions are negative. Many find different ways to release their constrained emotions, such as art, writing, music and physical activity. In like manner, Christina Rossetti releases her feelings and opinions about restrictions and situations occurring around her, which is evident in her sonnet â€Å"A Triad.† Christina Rossetti’s Petrarchan sonnet, â€Å"A Triad,† was published in the 1800s; during this period, the image and presentation of women was strict and had to be upheld. In â€Å"A Triad,† Rossetti is expressing the lack of variety, labels and freedom of women through the three women illustrated in the poem. The three women are categorized under married and lack of love, ideal woman, and promiscuous. Rossetti’s expressions about the society’s restrictions on women are evident in her use of symbolism of colours and words that are chosen to rhyme. Rossetti’s use of symbolism elaborates on the restriction and lack of freedom women possess. The three women are categorized into their labels and are structured in the poem one after the other. The symbolism of colours is exemplified in the descriptions of the three women; the colours presented are red, blue, and white. The symbolism of red and blue possess an opposition in meaning: Red symbolizes passion, lust and love, whereas blue signifies sadness and despair. One woman is labelled as promiscuous withShow MoreRelatedIndepth Analysis of Christina Rossettis When I am Dead, My Dearest2908 Words   |  12 Pagesthat compares to twilight. Structure and Meaning Christina Rossetti strategically structures her poem, When I am dead, my dearest to convey her notion of love and death. She presents her stanzaic poem through two octaves with the pattern iambic abc4b3deFE3. Even though Rossetti writes six of the sixteen lines in iambic trimeter, the abundance of variation throughout the octaves portrays the poem as more of a free verse. On average, Rossetti uses 6.7 syllables per line, which, in a way, conveys

1775-1830 Apush Paper Free Essays

During the early colonial period, indentured servants had filled the role of labor, working primarily in the Chesapeake region in the cultivation of tobacco. However, as the Dutch lost their monopoly on the slave trade, the price of slaves fell, allowing many plantation owners to purchase slaves and encouraging the growth of the slave trade to America. During the Revolutionary War and the decades following, slavery continued to boom, particularly in the South, where the use of slaves in crop cultivation came to dominate the Southern economy. We will write a custom essay sample on 1775-1830 Apush Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the North, industry supported the economy, allowing for a decreased need for slave labor. The difference between the economies of the North and South allowed for different levels of importance for slavery in those areas; however, discrimination prevailed throughout the young nation, leading the African-American community of the time to struggle against whites for freedom and civil rights. In the South, the largest contributing factor to the expansion of slavery was the westward growth of America during the early 19th Century. The Louisiana Purchase, signed under Thomas Jefferson, opened millions of acres to settlement encouraging many white southerners to move west into Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. These areas with their warm climates encouraged the expansion of the plantation system westward and accounts for the massive growth of slavery in those areas by 1830 seen in the Document C map illustrating the difference in slave concentration of the colonies. Lord Dunmore offered all slaves the opportunity to be free by joining the British military, as explained in his proclamation. The British sought to weaken colonial resistance by the support of the slaves. While many joined the British military to escape slavery, some colonial states offered slaves their freedom if they joined the colonial side after realizing how many slaves were rebelling to the British side. Some free blacks joined the British side because they felt discriminated against and believed they should have the same rights and privileges as whites, as they were denied property rights. In Venture Smith’s â€Å"narrative,† a master consents ted to his salve buying his freedom. Even though the slave could not pay it all in one lump sum, the master allowed him to pay it in â€Å"payments† he paid all he had as the down payment and then earned the rest by fishing and cropping. This example just came to show that not all slave owners were opposed to slaves being free. The Vermont Colonization proposed a 1? contribution from each inhabitant in order to help the society establish colonies on the coast of Africa. The colonies opened the door for emancipation. Some white abolitionists even advocated freeing blacks and relocating them to Africa, as did the American Colonization Society). Between 1790 and 1830, slavery vastly expanded. As slavery decreased in the north, the south more than made up for them due to the production of cotton booming in the south and especially down the Black Belt on the East Coast. Cotton production was already a huge industry in 1790, but it because even bigger when in 1793, the Cotton Gin was invented by a slave of Eli Whitney. The Cotton Gin made separating the cotton from the seeds quicker and easier, making the meticulous work a breeze compared to when it was done by hand. Slavery during the period also grew out of an economic need as the South looked to prosper solely through agricultural means. This meant slavery was simply an economic necessity as huge plantations, particularly those that produced cotton, were heavily labor-intensive. Because of this, slave-owners sought to control their slaves entirely and prevent them from escaping, although some slave holders allowed them to purchase their own freedom, as referred to in Venture Smith’s â€Å"Narrative†. Nonetheless, conditions were harsh leading many slaves to attempt rebellion or escape. In The Confessions of â€Å"Ben,† the document details the plans of one slave rebellion, plotted during Peace time so as to avoid conflict with soldiers or patrols. Rebellions during the period, usually small in scale, were rarely successful in the short term and merely resulted in stricter treatment of slaves, particularly in the Deep South. The harsher the treatment, the more impassioned became anti-slavery rhetoric, particularly in the African-American community. David Walker’s â€Å"Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World,† shows just how frustrated many had become with the system of slavery, and the determination of the community to free itself through any means. Denmark Vesey was a slave who had bought his freedom and planned what would’ve been the biggest slave rebellion in the United States; however, the Vesey’s conspiracy leaked and he was tried, convicted, and executed. In the North, slavery as a practice was a lost interest as the more industrial economy did not rely upon slave labor for its success. Upper class families often owned one or two slaves to carry on matters of the home, yet the majority of Northerners never owned a slave. That, however, did not mean free blacks received equal rights or good treatment in the North. Paul Cuffe’s Petition and Prince Hall’s Masonic Movement both point out the denial of rights to free blacks, as well as the harsh racism that prevailed throughout the region. Blacks were not allowed to vote, and were often paid less for the same jobs as whites. However, some in the North took up the issue of discrimination looking for ways to solve the struggles of the African American community. Plans for colonization of Africa by free blacks and former slaves were supports by some in the North such as the Vermont Colonization Society discussed in Document H; however, movements like this never picked up wide support and, in the end, amounted to little. During the late 18th century, the 2nd Great Awakening began as the second period of religious revival that extended into the antebellum period. Bishop Richard Allen was the founder of the African American Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church. Allen was granted the title of the first bishop for his hope offering of the religion given to the Black community. In the picture of Document D, an AME meeting is taking place in Philadelphia. Free Blacks often celebrated their freedom, especially since their church was the first independent black domination in the US. Many Northern Whites plead Black causes, turning into abolitionists. Free Blacks were gracious to Whites who worked hard to Improve African conditions. Most White abolitionists were great supporters of the American Colonization Society in order to send them back to their homes in Africa. While some Whites were helpful, others were discriminate like those in Boston, were Black’s lives were endangered due to hate as described in Prince Hall’s Masonic Movement. Disfranchisement gave the right to vote to Blacks in the North where their votes would’ve usually counted as less effective or completely ineffective. Although some slaves were able to buy their freedom or escape to the North, slavery as a practice boomed between 1775 and 1830. The westward expansion of America and growth of the plantation system required a large number of slaves to support the agrarian economy. Free blacks were not spared harsh racism and discrimination, leading many African Americans to campaign for both the freedom of their people in the South and their own personal liberties at home. How to cite 1775-1830 Apush Paper, Papers

Organizational Culture and Its Counterculture free essay sample

The authors Joanne Martin and Careen Shell are focusing on organizational culture and its counterculture. The definition given by the authors for counterculture states that counterculture will most likely arise in a strongly centralized organization that has allowed a reasonable decentralization of authority to take place. The article assumes that cultural systems can emphasize as well as sustain the objectives of the firms top management. The main argument here is that in addition to serving integrative functions, culture can express disagreement and add Reese needs for segregation among organizational elements.As a replacement for thinking culture is a huge phenomenon, they explore countercultures uneasy symbiotic relationship with the rest Of an organization. Finally they tackle the connection between cultural development and managerial action by asking what a leader does, unintentionally or intentionally, that seems to impact the development of a counterculture. Given said that when a dominant culture and a counterculture takes place it creates an uneasy symbiosis between these two interdependent cultures. There were two books selected for this research, one was by Deed Cray and the other was by J. P Wright on General Motors.The three core values for dominant culture in GM were respecting authority, fitting in and fleeing loyal. J. P Wright talks about how Delayers division in GM has created an uneasy symbiosis relationship between the dominant culture and counterculture. Delayers activities have been studied to see how he has created a counterculture in an organization with such a strong dominant culture. There are several ways to counter the dominant culture and Tailored has done so by questioning deference to authority, finding an alternative way to fit in and opposing demands for unquestioning loyalty. There are three types of subcultures; the first is enhancing, orthogonal and counterculture. This articles main focus will be on counterculture. According to the authors some core values of a counterculture has a direct challenge to the core values of a dominant culture, therefore creating an uneasy symbiosis. This article has taken Ana main authors as their references to explore the adequacy of a dominant culture and a counterculture and to find out what values those artifacts put across.The two main authors are Deed Cray, Chrome Colossus: General Motors and Its Times (McGraw-Hill, 1 980) and J. P Wrights description of Delayers activities, On A Clear Day You Can See General Motors (Wright Enterprises, 1979). This article was done on General Motors, one of the main characters that was discussed in this article was on John Tailored who was a head of one Of the divisions in GM. Tailored was a man who made his way up the corporate ladder which gave him a position of leadership, resources and power who in return questioned the dominant culture of GM. There were three main core values of GM that were discussed, the first is Respecting Authority: Jargon and Rituals of Deference. What append in GM is that the dominant culture gives so much importance to paying reverence to the top corporate management; special jargon was used to refer to these executives. For example, each top manager was assigned a junior executive who will be an assistant, and these assistants were called dog robbers which meant an assigned servant who is responsible to pick up the dogs dropping in a large household.Another type of dominant culture artifact was the ritual, GM had many rituals, this is just one of the rituals; subordinates were expected to meet their superiors from out of the town at he airport and carry their bags, pay for their hotels, meals and chauffeur them around day and night. The second core value found in GM was Fitting In: Communicating Invisibility by Visible Cues. The core value of invisibility was expressed through such visible cultura l artifact as dress and dcord.An example Gems dress code was a dark suit, a light shirt and a muted tie so that no single employee stands out. The rule implemented on office dcord also States the value Of invisibility. All the dcord Was standardized. In GM if an employee was invisible he was a team player. They engage in public, hemolytic acts of conformity to show they are team players. The third core value to the GM way of life was loyalty to ones boss. They were all expected to be loyal to their bosses and not question them or even point out their wrong doings.One of the examples given was, GM retirement dinner, in this retirement dinner they pay tribute to the retiree by telling his journey story in the past years in GM. These dinner instilled mutual respect, admiration and loyalty. It was important for GM to tell the stories of their retiring employees, simply because these stories were true and shows a sequence of events in the companys history. In one case, Tailored did not go to pick his boss up from the airport, which was a ritual followed by all GM employees, what happened was Delayers boss was furious and expected Tailored to not repeat it ever again.In the retirement dinner, they reward the retiree for the past tasks done by ensuring future loyalty, so in Delayers case he would be marked by the others and may be seen as someone who isnt a team player. The counterculture to these dominant cultures can be seen by Delayers actions. There are three areas to it; the first is questioning deference to authority. Tailored kept creating stories that were being questioned by other employees, because one story will not make most of the employees buzzing, therefore Tailored created many situations. For example, he wanted to replace deference to authority with task-oriented efficiency. He discouraged the meeting of superiors at airports. Tailored himself role modeled the behavior. This incident became an organizational Story. He became a controversial and powerful figure. This particular event was significant because it expressed a value that contradicted a core value of the dominant culture. The second counterculture, An Alternative to Fitting In: The Limits of Acceptable Deviance. Tailored did not agree on the core value of fitting in team play. He instead valued dissent and independence.He backed his values with practices, by changing his divisions performance appraisal system. Performance was measured on basis of criteria that were as objective as possible. Tailored was also able to role model himself by not following the dress code and he also changed the dcord in his division, allowing his executives to have their own touch in their spaces. This was his way of cellaring independence from the dominant culture. The only way a counter culture can sustain is by implementing the practices as well as being consistent with the preferred value. Opposing Demands for Unquestioning Loyalty is the third counterculture. Articulation of a boomerang challenged the dominant culture. The Corsair was a product of GM that was supposed to be the finest and most appealing product to attract the young. The Corsair story becomes a boomerang, it takes a sudden turn and employees started questioning the safety of the rear engine, but without enough support and evidence that the Corsair was not fee GM management told the employees who objected to join the team or find some other place to work. In the end the Corsair had caused many deaths because of its faulty design.This in return cost GM its reputation and millions of dollars in legal expense, and of court settlements. 3. This argument fits with my experience as an observation that I have seen happen over and over again, it is no other than an public area which most of us are bound to go to in some time in our lives in different occasions, the hospital. It is always said that right after graduating as a doctor, the worst ear for all of them is their houseman ship years. It is a dominant culture that all new doctors who are coming in for their houseman ship are pushed around and are made to work over time.In other words they are bullied by their superiors. It has been a culture that has been happening all around the world and many have come to accept it as a norm. In my opinion I dont think it should be the case, I believe that there can be an artifact of a counterculture here. Why it is that fresh new graduate doctors allow their superiors to push them around to a certain extreme. For example, Enron doctors, will intentionally post questions for houseman ship doctors in front of a patient and then mock them for the answers given to enforce their authority as senior doctors.This can be emotionally damaging depending on the degree of verbal abuse. Another case would be houseman ship doctors are treated as the lowest employees in the hospital during their houseman ship years; they are not only pushed around by senior doctors but by the nurses as well. They are made to do irrelevant work and lots of running around. Another case would be sometimes, senior doctors will make seaman doctors to do their shifts as well, resulting in the housemen to be wore out and exhausted. Some of these housemen will eventually break down, for they are not able to cope with the pressure and stress.Then again this happens over and over again in all parts of the world. In my opinion I think it would make a lot of difference if some doctors have the capability to stand up and make a change in this environment. I believe as time goes by, more and more stories and incidents will occur causing the dominant culture to be questioned and a breakthrough for a counterculture to take place in this particular environment. I am sure there are cases where certain doctors have made a stand for themselves, but with the repetition of the same behavior this dominant culture may be able to change.Where the houseman ship doctors are treated with equal respect and are able to apply what they have learnt over the past few years in their houseman ship years. Hospital. It is always said that right after graduating as a doctor, the Worst fear for all of them is their houseman ship years. It is a dominant culture that all new doctors who are coming in for their houseman ship are pushed around and are made to work over time. In other words they are bullied by their superiors. It has been a culture that has been happening all around the world and many have come to accept it as a norm. Live that there can be an artifact of a counterculture here. For example, senior doctors, will intentionally post questions for houseman ship doctors in front of a patient and then mock them for the answers given to enforce their authority as senior doctors. This can be emotionally damaging depending on the degree of verbal abuse. Another case would be houseman ship doctors are treated as the lowest employees in the hospital during their seaman ship years; they are not only pushed around by senior doctors but by the nurses as well. They are made to do irrelevant work and lots of running around. Senior doctors will make houseman doctors to do their shifts as well, resulting in the housemen to be wore out and exhausted. Some of these housemen will eventually break down, for they are not able to cope with the pressure and stress. Then again this happens over and over again in all parts of the world. It would make a lot of difference if some doctors have the capability to stand up and make a change in this environment. As time goes by, more Tories and incidents will occur causing the dominant culture to be questioned and a breakthrough for a counterculture to take place in this particular environment.I am sure there are cases where certain doctors have made a stand for themselves, but with the repetition Of the same behavior this dominant culture may be able to change. Where the houseman ship doctors are treated with equal respect and are able to apply what they have learnt over the past few years in their houseman ship years.

3rd Grade Science Fair Projects

3rd Grade Science Fair Projects The 3rd grade may be the first time students are introduced to science fair projects. Children ask questions from a young age, but this is a great time to begin to apply the scientific method. Introduction to 3rd Grade Science Fair Projects 3rd grade is a great time to answer what happens if... or which is better...  questions. In general, elementary school students are exploring the world around them and learning how things work. The key to a great science fair  project at the 3rd-grade level is finding a topic that the student finds interesting. Usually, a teacher or parent is needed  to help plan the project and offer guidance with a report or poster. Some students may want to make models or perform demonstrations that illustrate scientific concepts. 3rd Grade Science Fair Project Ideas Here are some project ideas appropriate for 3rd grade: Do cut flowers last longer if you put them in warm water or in cold water? You can test how effectively flowers are drinking water by adding food coloring. Youll get the best results with white cut flowers, such as carnations. Do flowers drink warm water faster, slower, or at the same rate as cold water?Does the color of your clothing affect how hot or cold you feel when youre outside in the sunlight? Explain your results. This project is easiest if you compare solid colors, such as black and white t-shirts.Do all students in the class have the same size hands and feet as each other? Trace outlines of hands and feet and compare them. Do taller students have larger hands/feet or does height not seem to matter?How much does the temperature have to change for you to feel a difference? Does it matter whether its air or water? You can try this with your hand, a glass, a thermometer, and tap water of different temperatures.Are waterproof mascaras really waterproof? Put some mascara on a sh eet of paper and rinse it with water. What happens? Do 8-hour lipsticks really keep their color that long? Do clothes take the same length of time to dry if you add a dryer sheet or fabric softener to the load?Which melts faster: ice cream or ice milk? Can you figure out why this might happen? You can compare other frozen treats, such as frozen yogurt and sorbet.Do frozen candles burn at the same rate as candles that were stored at room temperature? Ideally, compare candles that are identical in every way except their starting temperature.Research what dryer sheets do. Can people tell the difference between a load of laundry that used dryer sheets and one that didnt use them? If one type of laundry was preferred over the other, what was the reason? Ideas might be scent, softness, and the amount of static.Do all types of bread grow the same types of mold? A related project would compare types of mold that grow on cheese or other food. Keep in mind mold grows quickly on bread, but might grow more slowly on other food. Use a magnifying glass to make it easier to tell the types of mold apart. Do raw eggs and hard-boiled eggs spin the same length of time/number of times? What type of liquid will rust a nail the quickest? You could try water, orange juice, milk, vinegar, peroxide, and other common household liquids.Does light affect how fast foods spoil?Can you tell from todays clouds what tomorrows weather will be? Tips for Success Choose a project that wont take too much time to complete. Performing an experiment or making a model often takes longer than one expects, and its better to have extra time than to run out at the last minute.Expect a 3rd-grade project to require adult supervision or help. This doesnt mean an adult should do the project for a child, but an older sibling, parent, guardian, or teacher can help guide the project, offer suggestions, and be supportive.Select an idea that uses materials you can actually find. Some project ideas might look great on paper, but be difficult to perform if the supplies are unavailable.

Six common writing mistakes by first-time authors

Six common writing mistakes by first-time authors Six common writing mistakes by first-time authors, and how to fix them! Last updated: 07/10/2017Today, one oWhat other writing mistakes are authors prone to? And what is the best way to catch them? Let us know your thoughts, or any questions for Lourdes, in the comments below!

African American Study Terms Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

African American Study Terms - Assignment Example The miseducation of the Negro is a book that was authored by Dr. Carter G. Woodson. The core idea of the book was that African Americans of Dr. Woodson’s era were not being taught in American schools but were being conditioned and indoctrinated. He claimed that this caused them to become dependent and not seek greater things for themselves Authenticity Black Studies Black studies are an interdisciplinary academic field dedicated to the study of the history, politics, and culture of Black Americans. If taken in a broader context, it also studies the culture of the entire African diaspora. Sankofa/Recovery Sankofa is a word in the Akan language which is common in Ghana. It translates as â€Å"reach back and take it†. It is represented either by a bird with its head turned back or in the shape of a stylized heart. It's often associated with the saying that it’s not wrong to go back and reclaim what you have forgotten. Erasure Erasure is a novel by Percival Everett about race and writing. The novel’s plot is about how the publishing industry is biased towards African- American writers and at times criticizes them for not writing ‘black enough’.

Formation and Implications of Gender Stereotypes Research Paper

Formation and Implications of Gender Stereotypes - Research Paper Example Information about appropriate gender roles and behaviors is conveyed through different channels from language usage, occupational and educational settings, family and media. A family is the first mediator of gender-appropriate roles. Parents are first role models and educators of gender-appropriate roles. Media further extends the knowledge of gender differences and promotes gender stereotypes. Education through certain toys meant for boys or girls makes an early differentiation between children of different sexes. Further education, where girls are discouraged from excelling in certain fields, increases the gender gap. In the society where male and female roles are strictly regulated and men are characterized as active, rational risk takers in contract to women who are passive and emotional caregivers, it is difficult to build an identity which is different from the stereotypes. Gender roles are so deeply embedded in occupational and behavioral roles of men and women that crossing the borders of social expectations results in severe punishments. Men are labeled as homosexual and women are considered as men-like when they do not meet the cultural expectation of masculinity or femininity. It has become a common practice in social sciences to differentiate between notions of â€Å"gender† and â€Å"sex.† While sex is a biological notion defining â€Å"genetic makeup and hormone profile,† gender is a social phenomenon which â€Å"varies with the roles, norms, and values of a given society or era.† (Phillips, 2005 p.4) So, sex refers to physicality while gender refers to the behavior of individuals, the roles and personality traits which correspond to their biological makeup.

Epilepsy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Case Study

Epilepsy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Case Study People with chronic and complex conditions are usually characterized by complex causality, multiple risk factors, a long latency period, a prolonged course of illness that cannot been cured, and functional impairment (Wilkes, Cioffi, Warne, Harrison, Vonu-Boriceanu, 2008). These people are often treated by primary care professionals such as the community care. Community care plays a key role in our health system; it can avoid patient readmission to the hospital, reduce healthcare costs, and make patients feel more comfortable when they have treatment at home (Wilkes et al., 2008). In the case study, Jessica is suffering epilepsy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which affects her daily life and her self-care behaviour. As a community care registered nurse (RN), I will promote Jessica’s knowledge about her chronic illness and health history, perform nursing assessments, and support her and her family with regard to her continuing nursing care. My primary goal is to improve Jessica ’s health condition and help her maintain her normal daily social and career life style (Lubkin Learsen, 2013). As an RN, on the first day visit with Jessica. At the beginning, I will establish therapeutic relationship with her by communication and also observing her facial expression, body language and listening voice tone. Arnold Boggs (2011) stated the foundation of nursing skills are approaching to therapeutic relationships and good communication in nursing practice and identifies trust, respect and honesty which are guiding professional actions. Meanwhile, her health history needs to be obtained by using oral communication skills, such an interview with her and her partner, without any judgment and by using open-ended short questions (Lubkin Learsen, 2013). In addition, the RN need perform a physical examination that includes general observation and checking BP, pulse, temperature, BGL, height, and weight. The information obtained during this phase contributes to an overview that identifies Jessica’s current and past health state and provides a baseline assessment to evaluate fut ure changes (Brown et al., 2014). It is important for the RN to indicate Jessica’s past and present medical conditions and treatments, which can create a suitable care plan and provide unique care. Ekman et al. (2011) believe all care providers should create personalized nursing care to people with chronic illness and help them to achieve their individual goals. The research shows epilepsy is the most common serious chronic neurological disorder of young people, with public misinterpretation inducing fear and social stigma, which leading to prejudice and discrimination in school, workplace, and community (Coker, Bhargava, Fitzgerald, Doherty, 2011). As a RN should educate Jessica by explaining the pathophysiology of epilepsy; for example, McCance, Heuther, Brashers, Rote (2014) state that â€Å"seizures are the abnormal discharge of electrical activity within the brain; the epilepsy is repeated recurrence of seizure activity which results from underlying disorder of the Centre Nerves System (CNS)† (pp. 679). In the past, Jessica’s seizures have been infrequent, brief, and often well controlled by medication. However, she may also suffer from greater degrees of depression, anxiety, and be prone to the social and vocational limitations that the illness usually brings (Coker et al., 2011). Furthermore, there are many risk factor s that can cause breakthrough seizures; these include diet, medication withdrawal, and alcohol consumption. Jessica may not aware of such factors due to a lack of specific knowledge (Coker et al., 2011). At the moment, Jessica is starting to withdraw from her anticonvulsant medications and avoiding her GP’s advice by continuing to drive her car; she also went to a dance club and drank alcohol. All of these affect her health conditions. Jessica also has Type 2 diabetes, a common chronic multisystem disease related to abnormal or impaired insulin production, with high risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications that lead to illness or disability and death (Hicks, 2008). There is no specific research on the association of epilepsy and Type 2 diabetes, but studies have found that seizures can occur during diabetic ketoacidosis when the body cannot get enough insulin; meanwhile, in many cases, epilepsy-related seizures may be mistaken for the symptoms of hypoglycaemia (Schober Holl, 2011). The aim of treatment is to control her blood glucose level (BGL) between 4 to 7 mmol/L, which reduces the risk of diabetes complications (Hicks, 2008). Currently, Jessica’s BGL shows12.9 mmol/L because of poorly controlled diet and excessive weight, which presents a greater great risk of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases. After explaining the two chronic diseases to Jessica, during the time as an RN, I will perform a nursing assessment that includes a neurological observation assessment, nutritional assessment include regular BGL checks, behavioural assessment, and psychological assessment. Neurological observation is the collection of information on a patient’s central nervous system and neurological status, incorporates monitoring of the patients level of consciousness, pupil reaction and motor function, and observation of vital signs (Brown et al., 2014). It is important to monitor Jessica’s neuron function due to frequent seizures, especially after being hospitalized with tonic-clonic coma and unconsciousness. Regular BGL checks will help with her awareness of her glucose level and encourage regular administration of her hyperglucagonemia medication. The aim of intervention for Jessica is to control her high BGL and assess her normal diet, which can reduce diabetes complications so t hat she can achieve the quality of life she desires. Research has found that to control chronic complications from diabetes, a patient needs good self-care behaviours; for example: healthy diet, regular exercises, weight loss, taking medications as prescribed, blood sugar monitoring, and good support from family (Huang, Hung, Stocker, Lin, 2013). Behavioural assessment can help monitor her health condition and achieve goal setting, problem-solving, and medication adherence. The nurse can provide an accessible, relaxed environment to help Jessica focus on what she can do rather than what she cannot do, and act as a channel for her and her partner to discuss their fears and anxieties associated with her chronic illness (Welsh, 2008). She also told her GP that she did not need any more prescriptions for her anticonvulsant medication. Studies show that withdrawal from epilepsy medication has significant implications for lifestyle and circumstance, and that the patient should stop drivi ng (Coker et al, 2011). As the result, as an RN I need to consider Jessica’s dilemma carefully as it impacts her independence regarding transport and that, in turn, impacts her employment and income, self-esteem, and quality of life. The nursing intervention can include broader aspects of care including assessing Jessica’s needs, providing advice on associated topics to help her understand her condition and the management plan, and asking her partner to join her care (Welsh, 2008). For example, her partner, Martin, should be aware of her health condition including driving, potential pregnancy, alcohol use, employment restrictions, and other safety issues. On the point of RN also provide referrals to other professionals such as dietitian, social workers, counselling services, and family support groups. The role of the community RN is not only managing a patient’s chronic illness, but also to seek more assistance or research to improve the effectiveness of patient cares (Chen et al., 2012). The research shows that education in combination with psychological intervention can support medication adherence (Dean, Walters, Hall, 2010). In Jessica’s case, the RN needs to understand the negative impact that psychological issues can have on her lifestyle and chronic disease management, for example the chronic disease may cause her anxiety, and depression. As the result, we might arrange for Jessica to attend some group meeting or study conference about young people with chronic diseases. The fundamental nursing requirements are skills in communication, listening, counselling, and teaching to support the patient and her family (Welsh, 2008). There are two priorities for the RN’s follow-up with Jessica. As we noticed that before the current seizure, Jessica had weened herself off her anticonvulsant medications because she wanted to become pregnant and is perpetually in noncompliance with regard to her diabetes. The aim of the community service nursing intervention is to improve Jessica’s quality of life through needs-led primary health care with a person-centred approach to her individual needs and create a treatment plan that will improve health outcomes (Ekman et al, 2011). As Jessica is of child-bearing age with epilepsy, she merits unique consideration. Because withdrawal her antiepileptic drugs will increase seizure frequency, as an RN will need to be informed when Jessica contemplates pregnancy and refer her to a specialist before conception. Meanwhile, an occupational therapist will assess any risks in her home environment; a counselling service also be needed. From this point, the RN should consider the patient’s needs and communicate with a multidisciplinary team (Lubkin Larsen, 2013). We will need to motivate Jessica to take responsibility for her own self-care by using motivational interviewing and health coaching to incorporate behaviour change principles that promote healthy activities (Lubkin Larsen, 2013). For example, as an RN need to understand and explore Jessica’s motivation for becoming pregnant and keep her current life routine by listening with empathy because her opinion and methods may be different than they would be with a person who didn’t have complex medical issues. This will empower Jessica, encouraging her hope and optimism to follow the current treatment plan as well as to consult other health professionals. The primary goal is to maintain good self-care attitudes that will enable Jessica’s knowledge and understanding related to her ability to successfully cope with the disease in her normal life (Coker et al., 2011). A study by Soubhi et al. (2010) shows that strong self-management programs are amongst the best evidence- based interventions for improving outcomes. Thus, promoting self-care will empower Jessica to make independent decisions. The result will be an improvement in her quality of life and a reduction of psychosocial problems. In conclusion, from a community nursing service perspective, the experience of care giving to Jessica with her chronic and complex conditions has been extensively addressed. Meanwhile, an RN with an increased understanding of Jessica’s experiences will gain greater insight into the care she needs to improve her health and provide more effective healthcare delivery in the community (Soubhi et al., 2010). References Arnold, C. E., Boggs, U. K. (Eds.). (2011). Interpersonal Relationships: Professional Communication Skills for Nurses (6th ed.). Missouri: Elsevier. Brown, D., Edwards, H., Lewis, S. L., Heitkemper, M. M., Dirksen, S. R., O’Brien, P. G., Bucher, L. (Eds.). (2014). Lewis’s medical-surgical nursing: assessment and management of clinical problems (4th ed.). Chatswood, Australia: Elsevier. Coker, M. F., Bhargava, S., Fitzgerald, M., Doherty, P. C. (2011). What do people with epilepsy know about their condition? Evaluation of a subspecialty clinic population. Elsevier Ltd: Seizure 20, 55-59. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2010.10.007 Chen, M. S., Creedy, D., Lin, S. H., Wollin, J. (2012). Effects of motivational interviewing intervention on self-management, psychological and glycemic outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Elsevier Ltd, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49, 637–644. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.11.011 Dean, J. A., Walters, J., Hall, A. (2010). A systematic review of interventions to enhance medication adherence in children and adolescents with chronic illness. Arch Dis Child, 95, 717–723. doi:10.1136/adc.2009.175125 Ekman, I., Swedgerg, K., Taft, C., Lindseth, A., Norberg, A. †¦Sunnerhagen, S. K. (2011). Person-centered care-ready for prime time. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 10, 248–251. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2011.06.008 Huang, C. M., Hung, H. C., Stocker, J., Lin, C. L. (2012). Outcomes for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with diverse regimens. Blackwell Publishing: Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 1899-1906. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12123 Hicks, D. (2008). Recent developments in the management of type 2 diabetes. British Journal of Community Nursing, 6(11). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2001.6.11.9458 Lubkin, I., Larsen, P. (Eds) (2013). Chronic illness: Impact and interventions (8th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett. McCance, L. K., Heuther, E. S., Brashers, L. V., Rote, S. N. (Eds.). (2014). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Schober, E. Holl, R. (2011). Epilepsy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Voice 56(2), 43-44. Retrieved from https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/attachments/DV_56-SI2_Schober-Holl.pdf Soubhi, H., Bayliss, A. H., Fortin, M., Hudon, C., Akker, V. D. M., Thivierge, R. †¦ Fleiszer, D. (2010).Learning and caring in communities of practice: Using relationships and collective learning to improve primary care for patients with multimorbidity. Annals of Family Medicine, 8(2), 170-177. doi:10.1370/afm.1056 Welsh, M. (2008). The practice nurse’s role in the management of epilepsy. British Journal of Community Nursing, 6(3). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923723 Wilkes, L., Cioffi, J., Warne, B., Harrison, K., Vonu-Boriceanu, O. (2008). Clients with chronic and complex conditions: their experiences of community nursing services. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(7b), 160-168. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02454.x

Prison Nursery Essay

The authors describe prison nurseries as living arrangements within a correctional facility that allow incarcerated mothers to keep their infants (born during their incarceration) with them through all or part of their sentence. This article brings to question whether these women should be treated any differently than any other incarcerated women and who should pay for these programs. The authors note that this may be one of the most controversial debates surrounding the imprisonment of women. At the time of this study, the authors note that there are currently 8 states that provide prison nursery programs: California, Indiana, Illinois, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, South Dakota, and Washington. This is up from only 3 states in 1998 and notes that New York has had a prison nursery program since 1901. The authors illustrate studies that have shown that the recidivism rate among women who have been allowed to keep their children in prison nurseries is lower than that of other women. Howev er, limited studies have been cited concerning the development of children born into and raised within a prison nursery program. The authors discuss the cost of prison nursery programs as being one major hurdle into starting and/or continuing these programs. Most nursery programs are segregated from the general prison population and are staffed with both civilian and correctional staff, allowing for public and private funding to be used. The authors’ note that a large percentage of the children in prison nursery programs would otherwise be cared for through public dollars whether it be within the foster care system or public assistance to the interim caregiver during the mother’s incarceration so there seems to be little difference in the funding or use of funding in terms of child care. Through several studies the authors note the strict guidelines for eligibility for these programs, including type of crime, past history of abuse, and length of sentence. Each program has its on set of criteria and rules but the authors state that the idea behind the programs is the same wherever it is incorporated and that is to provide an opportunity for mother and child to succeed. The authors conclude that prison nurseries should be more widely available as the trend of women being incarcerated has continued to rise and no decline seems to be forthcoming. They note that studies into the long term effects on children born into prison nurseries is also needed as well as re-entry into society must be closely monitored and facilitated in order for true results to be determined.

Benefits of Data Mining

Data mining is defined as â€Å"a process that uses statistical, mathematical, artificial intelligence, and machine-learning techniques to extract and identify useful information and subsequent knowledge from large databases, including data warehouses† (Turban & Volonino, 2011). The information identified using data mining includes patterns indicating trends, correlations, rules, similarities, and used as predictive analytics. By employing predictive analytics, companies are actually able to understand the behavior of customers. Predictive analytics examines and sorts data to find patterns that highlight customer behavior. The important behavioral patterns are those that indicate what customers have responded to and will respond to in the future. Also, patterns can indicate a customer base that is in jeopardy with the company, customers that are not company-loyal and are easily lost. Predictive analytics of customer behavior can be of great benefit to the business (Turban & Volonino, 2011). Companies are able to build specific marking campaigns and models such as direct mail, online marking, or media marking based on customer preference and are better able to sell their products to a more targeted customer base. Knowing what the customer wants, what they will respond to, and which customer base to focus on takes the guesswork out of marking and product development. Taking the information retrieved and using it correctly will only increase profits (Advantages, 2012). Association discovery using data mining provides a huge benefit to companies. Association discovery is finding correlations or relationships between variables in a large database. For example, in terms of a supermarket, it is finding out that customers who buy onions and potatoes together are also highly likely to buy hamburger meat. These correlations where one set of products predict the buying of another is referred to as associations. Data mining can employ association discovery allowing business to predict buying patterns and allow for more effective operations management and can better pinpoint marketing strategy of coupons and incentives (Association Rule 2012). Web mining is another aspect of data mining. Web mining uses the data collected on the Internet to analyze customer data and gather information beneficial to the company. Any time someone visits a website, uses a search engine, clicks on a link, or makes an electronic transaction data is generated subject to analytics. Companies use web mining to gain customer preference and insight. The information gathered is used to improve websites and create a better user experience for the customers. Web mining can also be used alongside of predictive analytics. For example, on e-commerce sites every transaction is analyzed. When a customer clicks on a product, web mining tools can present a list of products he/she may also be interested in because of other customers with the similar buying interests/habits. This tool can be extremely effective in gaining business intelligence of the buying habits and preferences of customers (Turban & Volonino, 2011). Data mining also employs clustering to find related customer information and to provide valuable information to the company. Clustering gathers information and designates clusters of similar products and objects. In data mining, clustering is usually the first step. It identifies similar information and groups them to be further examined. Customer information and demographics are an example of these clusters. The group characteristics are analyzed against desired outcomes to understand the buying habits of customers and what marketing campaigns will enhance customer response (Ali, Ghani, & Saeed). Reliability of Data Mining The benefits of data have been examined, but it is important to look possible implications as well. Data mining uses algorithms to predict patterns and customer behaviors. Constant measures are needed to make sure the algorithms are working correctly, but the issue of reliability stems a little deeper. Algorithms and data analysis can only be as reliable as the actual data analyzed. Data gathered from different sources can potentially be t or even conflicting. This greatly affects the validity and result of algorithm, especially predictive analysis. It could alter the customer’s historical purchases or demographic information rendering the information useless and even costly. Data mining is a useful tool and should be trusted up to a point. It should not be the only solution. Companies should not only use data mining for marking and operations decisions. The costs of mistaking customer preference and predicting behavior could be catastrophic (Data Mining). Privacy Concerns of Data Mining. One of the major disadvantages of data mining is the privacy concerns associated with the technique. Three major privacy concerns raised by consumers are identity theft, misuse of personal information, and the â€Å"big brother is watching you† feeling (Orwell, 1954). The first concern is identity theft. With the increasing trend of e-commerce and electronic funds, identity theft has been a huge issue. The sheer amount and speed of information processing through data mining has led to a rise in identity theft making this valid concern. The information could easily fall into the hands of anyone (Exforsys Inc, 2006). The second concern is the misuse of personal information. Companies gather information as specific to customer purchases, names, phone numbers, addresses, and other information then store it in a database. Once obtained, copies can be made with little effort. Companies can easily sell this information to other companies. This is the exact concern of consumers. Consumer information can certainly be misused, exploited, or for discrimination making this a valid concern (Advantages, 2012). The last concern addressed in this paper is the total loss of privacy, feeling controlled or watched. The government uses data mining to track patterns of criminal activity have considered using the technique to track the movement of people. Some people feel this goes too far, and not giving the consumer the choice of having his/her information in the database takes away personal freedom. This concern is tied into the misuse of information because what stops companies to selling information to governmental or private agencies with the sole purpose being to control or watch an individual. With the volatile nature of crime, and the increasing use of technology by government agencies, this concern is also valid (Advantages 2012). Measures have been taken to alleviate these concerns. Companies that utilize data mining are required to take certain actions that protect their customer’s privacy. One of these actions is to remove and identity related attributes from each customer record before the data is transferred to analysts. Also banks allow for identity theft protection services to alleviate the concern of financial security. All of these concerns are still important and steps will have to be continuously made and adjusted to protect the security and privacy of personal and financial information (Li & Sarkar, 2006). Real World Examples of Predictive Analytics Predictive analysis and how it is beneficial to companies has been discussed above in theory. To completely understand how predictive analysis is used is to look at real world examples. The first example is how a fast food restaurant used HyperActive Technologies to predict what customers might order. HyperActive Technologies developed a system that allowed cameras to track vehicles pulling into the parking lot and track customers through the entire ordering process. Using predictive analysis of the data gathers from the cameras, the restaurant was able to conclude that at lunchtime; approximately twenty percent of cars entering the parking lot would order at least one cheeseburger. With this information, the cooks were able to get a head start in food production cutting down on wait time for customers and increasing overall productivity (Turban & Volonino, 2011). Another example of a company that uses predictive analysis is that of INRX, the leading provider of traffic information. INRX uses data mining by evaluating real time traffic measuring traffic problems and congestion. This data is collected from road censors, toll tags, traffic incident data, and commercial vehicles equipped with a GPS that continuously report their speed and location. Using predictive analytics, the data is studied to determine traffic patterns at certain locations and times. Drivers now have access to real time traffic information. This information has proven to be extremely effective and useful to drivers allowing them to make better decisions and avoid unnecessary delays (Turban & Volonino, 2011). The flower company, 1-800-FLOWERS. om, has also used data mining techniques, specifically predictive analytics. The company collects and analyses data at all contact points. Data collected includes historical purchases to discover trends, anticipate customer behavior, and meet customer needs and preferences. This technique has proven to be an effective way of increasing the response rate to customers, identifying profitable customers, and establishing customer loyalty. Customer reten tion increased by over fifteen percent after the implementation of predictive analytics solidifying its effectiveness (Turban & Volonino, 2011). As shown through academic research and real world examples, data mining is a real and effective way of predicting customer behavior and buying patterns. Measures need to be taken not only to overcome the stigma that data mining is unsecure and takes away personal freedom, but to make sure individual information is, in fact protected. If these measures are taken, data mining is a win-win for both businesses and consumers. Consumers will feel heard, understood, and taken care of. Businesses can actually focus resources on building that business-to-customer relationship and will be able to give the people what they need. References Advantages and disadvantages of data mining (2012). Retrieved December 9, 2012 from http://www.dataminingtechniques.net/data-mining-tutorial/advantages-and-disadvantages-ofdatamining/ Ali, R., Ghani, U., & Saeed, A. (n.d.) Data clustering and its applications. Retrieved December 5, 2012 from http://members.tripod.com/asim_saeed/paper.htm Data mining: issues. (n.d.) Retrieved December 7, 2012, from http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/faculty/jason.frand/teacher/technologies/palace/ issues.htm Exforsys Inc. (2006). Data mining privacy concerns. Retrieved December 5, 2012 from http://www.exforsys.com/tutorials/data-mining/data-mining-privacy-concerns.html Li, X. & Sarkar, S. (2006) Privacy protection in data mining. Retrieved December 6, 2012 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1245621 Turban, E., & Volonino, L. (2011). Information technology for management improving strategic and operational performance (8th ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Autistic Children in Mainstream Schools - 1753 Words

â€Å"The current prevalence rates of Autism Spectrum Disorders range from 0.5 to 6.7 per 1,000 among children ages 3 through 10 years† (Shtayermman 88). With this dramatic change in the frequency of autism comes the development of special education schools and, in turn, a rise in the presence of autistic children in a general classroom setting. While many think that a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD, in attendance at a regular school would be beneficial to the child in question, there are instances where it would be unwise to place them in such an environment. Considering the characteristics of children with ASD, the victimization they go through in a regular classroom, and the lack of knowledge amongst teachers, the experiences†¦show more content†¦Since they have difficulty in understanding the rules of conversation when they are speaking, there is an inability to link phrases together, sometimes repeating words or expressions out of context. Along with communication with others, children with ASD find it difficult to understand group interactions. This is often the reason why many of them are without friends; there is a preference of remaining aloof in the mind of a child with autism. The quality of life for a child with autism in mainstream schools is definitely at odds with how the school itself is structured. Due to changes in educational policies over the last decade, there are increasing numbers of children with ASD that are being educated in a regular classroom setting. Many may deem this inclusion as being positive for those students, but there are faults that accompany these types of circumstances, the reason being that many schools do not have the capacity to keep pace with such changes in order to include children with ASD. Many teachers find it tough to merge the academic talents of students with autism with their often severe difficulties in interacting with others socially. Those who have been diagnosed with ASD have a preference for routine, consistency and low sensory stimulation, making tough seeing that they would be expected to deal with the noisy, busy and chaotic environment of mainstream schools (Humphrey, Symes 80).Show MoreRelatedHow Children With Autism? Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesHow Children with Autism can be Supported in Education? Autism affects the individuals’ social interactions and the social construction of the world (National Autistic society, 2015). Children with Autism follow a different developmental pattern from other children and develop at the different rate. It could be understood as a social/psychological disability. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) – is a neurological condition that affects the way a person experiences and interacts with the world. 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